Qinetiq's makes a number of military products |
While saying taxpayers could have gained "tens of millions" more, the NAO also condemned an incentive scheme that netted fortunes for Qinetiq's bosses.
And the minister behind the sale of a Qinetiq stake to a US buyout firm said that he had sought to delay the sale.
But Lord Moonie told the BBC he was unable to resist Treasury pressure.
He was a defence minister in 2003 when a third of Qinetiq was sold to the US private equity group, Carlyle.
Stock markets had slumped and Lord Moonie felt that the MoD would not receive a decent price for its shareholding, says BBC business editor Robert Peston.
'Excessive'
However, says Mr Peston, the Treasury urged that the sale should go ahead because the proceeds were already built into budgets.
Lord Moonie said: "We were reluctant to proceed with the sale, but a combination of the Treasury and the fact we needed the money for items in our budget persuaded us to go on with it."
In the event, Carlyle bought a third of Qinetiq for £42m - and over the next three years it turned that into £372m - a nine-fold return on its money.
Qinetiq's 10 most senior managers gained £107.5m after the move, a return of 19,990% for their total £540,000 investment in shares.
That has been labelled "excessive" by the NAO.
Qinetiq's two most senior executives, chairman Sir John Chisholm and chief executive Graham Love, made spectacular gains.
Sir John invested £129,000 in the company and now has shares worth £23m. Graham Love turned £106,000 into £20m.
Conservative MP Edward Leigh, chairman of the Commons Public Accounts Committee, said the taxpayer had been "short-changed" and that top Qinetiq managers had "won the jackpot".
But the Ministry of Defence says the taxpayer has benefited by nearly £600m to date from the privatisation of Qinetiq, "the majority of which has been retained for reinvestment in the defence programme".
The government still owns approximately 19% of Qinetiq; the MoD says "this shareholding is currently worth around £250m".
The NAO also criticises the MoD for appointing a preferred bidder while price-sensitive issues were unresolved.
Mr Leigh said: "The MoD backed themselves into a corner before they had even started... and the department went on to sell a larger share of the business for less money than they initially agreed."
The NAO said Qinetiq's bosses were allowed to negotiate the terms of the incentive scheme with Carlyle while the private equity firm was bidding for the business.
Our business editor says criticism of the deal will infuriate many business people.
"Although they acknowledge that Carlyle secured the stake at a great price, they point out that the MoD kept more than half of Qinetiq," he said.
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